Cyber Culture: The Future of Print Essay -- Technology Literature Essa

When we think of technology, what often comes to mind be televisions, communications devices such as cell phones and satellites, computers, and different modes of transportation. However, t present ar other government agencys in which technology is applied, one of those being the Internet and its various components including email, chat rooms, and search engines. The list of uses for the Internet is innumerable and many corporations and universities are forcing people to make use of it. But no matter how much this new technology is forced on us, people are lock insubordinate to it. As George Landow, Professor of English and Art History at Brown University, states, Technology, in the lexicon of many humanists, generally means only that technology of which I am frightened (Landow 218). much(prenominal) resistance is unfortunate because the generation of online technology is here. Whether we have accepted it or not we are twenty minutes into the future (Landow 214). Books are no long-life the sole resource for information gathering and communicating. A whole new system for conveying information has taken place. In many ways, we have, for better or worse, already moved beyond the book. Even on the crudest, most materialist standard involving financial returns, we no longer find it at the center of our culture as the primary means of recording and disseminating information and entertainment (Landow 215). Cyber culture, particularly Internet phenomenons such as online journals and email, have enhanced the way we work with writing and changed the way we write. For instance, references such as online journals and magazines have facilitated researchers in numerous ways. EMUs online database alone contains a library of information on topics ranging from busines... ...w technology called cyber culture, Landow makes a very good catamenia when he says Digital technology may be new, but technology, particularly information technology, has permeated all known culture since the beginnings of human history (218). Cyber culture is here to stay and can be very effective in communication, research, and writing the challenge now, is to close the generational gap between those who have embraced cyber culture and those who still resist it. Works CitedLandow, George. Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book? Writing textile Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Comp. Evelyn B. Tribble & Anne Trubek. New York Longman, 2003. 214-226. Lesser, Wendy. The Conversation. Writing Material Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Comp. Evelyn B. Tribble & Anne Trubek. New York Longman, 2003. 227-223.

Progressive Era Essay -- essays research papers

From president Roosevelt becoming a vegetarian to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, the modern era, conflicting policy, and World War one were major parts of United States history. The progressive tense movement was caused by labor unions and the presidents progressive plans. World War one and reach Door Policy caused the American Foreign Policy. This in many ways helped shape and increase American power in the early 20th Century.The progressive movement was an effort made to help make America to be safer and make the economy better. Social Welfare and African American rights where things that improved during the progressive era. Election Reforms started to change so it would give more power to the people instead of the government. The food industry was a very disgusting industry linchpin then and it was so bad that when a man named Sinclair Upton wrote a book called The Jungle about it, it change the president into a vegetarian for six months until h came up with the Me at Inspection Act. Labor Unions such as, Knights of Labor and the A.F.L., started to increase in size because people wanted to have better job environments. Strikes emerged everywhere in the United States that helped job environments to improve. A major strike was in Chicago called the Haymarket Strike that turned the people against labor movement due to police brutality. death chair Roosevelt came up with a plan called the Square Deal, which used Trust busting and gave more powe...

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

Farenheit 451Hello my name is Michael Clements, I attend Sout Gwinnett High School. In our English class we were delegate to read the book Farenhite 451. The book was verry unique unlike any other i have ever read. The author of Farenhite 451 told of much science fiction that became true(a) over the present years. I think he is a verry good observer. In this paper the critics view, analysis of literacy device, and the revelance to society today. These topics will be mentioned and shared throught the paper.The critic that criticizes you, Mr. Bradburry is verry supportive of your book Farenheit 451. The critic Pauln A. Gilster shars his thoughts on your book clearly and freely. The quote I chose from Gilsters article stated, The real power of the tale is the lean language Bradburry assigns his villains. (Document A) I chose this small part because i am interested in the make up of your characters. One good quote from your novel that supports this is stated by Beatty, For everyone no w knows absolutely nothing will ever happen to me. (133) When beatty says this he is refering to everyones thoughts. This shows the smoothness of the novel and the realistic imagry of todays society.Throughout the book literary devices makes the writing exciting to read. A passage from a document shows the ritics response that i agree with. Gilster states All of Bradburrys pieces of work are laced with extravagance, and airy chiffons language.(Document A) Mr. Bradburry you are a brilliant. Imaginative literature are quoted to describe certain objects. The police helicopters were rising so far away it seemed someone had blown the gray head off a blowball flower. Two dozen of them flurried, wavering, indecisive, three miles off, like butterflies puzzled by autumn, and thy were plummeting down to land, one by one, here, there, softly kneading the streets where, turning rear to beetles, they shreaked along the boulevards or, as suddenly, leaped back into the air, continuing their sear ch.(226) This Writing From the novel Farenheit 451 was written with bully similes metaphors and outstanding imagery. I in my imagination i could see the the helicopters as dandelion seeds. it also gave me a sense of a summer afternoon, i can see the helicopters making a shadow over the sunset. Only can i see this with your great description. not only can i see the helicopter i can feel it feel like i am there watching.

Drinking and Driving Essay -- Drunk Driving, DUI, Alcohol

Have one drink for the road was, until recently, a comm but used phrase in Ameri fuel culture. It has only been within the past 20 familys that as a nation, we have begun to recognize the dangers associated with drunk drive (Sutton 463). According to the National lane Traffic Safety Administration, this year 519,000 citizenry, or one person per minute, will be injured in alcohol-related accidents. 10,839 people will die in drunk-driving crashes this year that is one death every 50 minutes. The heartbreaking part is, every injury and lost life due to driving after drinking can be prevented. Drinking while driving accidents are not merely accidents. Getting in a vehicle after consuming alcohol, which severely affects the consort of the brain, is not an accident. It is lack of responsibility. Individuals that consume alcohol irresponsibly must begin to take responsibility for themselves and for other innocent drivers on the road. Unfortunately, in spite of grand progress, alcoho l-impaired driving remains a serious national problem that tragically affects many victims annually (Hanson). It is time that laws and consequences for drinking while driving strengthen and people begin to think twice before driving a vehicle after drinking. Individuals who make the decision to drive after consuming alcohol, not only put themselves in a dangerous situation, they also put an entire community at risk. Current laws, which are not strict or respectable enough, must be increased in order to keep our neighborhoods around the nation safe. Although many people think current drinking while driving limits and laws are strict enough, the rising number of individuals who continue to make an irresponsible decision to get behind the wheel of a vehicle ... ...king & Driving. WWW2 Webserver. State University of in the altogether York Sociology Department. Web. 5 Apr. 2011.Lightner, Candy. Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving. Mothers Against Drunk Driving. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2011 .Saunders, Carol Silverman. Its suicide.(Drinking and Driving). Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader publication Feb. 1996 26+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2011.Sutton, Amy L. Drinking and Driving. Alcoholism Sourcebook. Detroit, MI Omnigraphics, 2007. 463. Print. Update Drunk Driving. Issues & Controversies On File n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 21 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. Wagner, Heather Lehr. Alcohol. Philadelphia Chelsea House, 2003. Print. What Is a Drink? Arizona Department of Public Safety (DPS), Arizona Highway Patrol - State of Arizona. 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2011.

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs :: Day We Were Dogs Essays

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs Writers as well as many people make or mislabel stories. Magical, unreal, real, fantastic, and the sublime are just a few types of different labels that a someone can use. The different types of stories are amusing and fun. The world is made up of all types of different labels of material for stories that people like to read and enjoy. Elana Garro is one of the Spanish authors who has written stories that have been mislabeled and put with other stories that were listed under the sorcerous and the unreal. The short fabrication The Day We Were Dogs is one of the stories that has been misplaced. Elana Garro wrote this story in 1993. The magical and the unreal of this story could easily be identified during the first part of the story, the girls woke to celebrate a day with two days inside the day. Now either this situation is unreal or it is crazy. A person can think of a day and then think of the present, or a person can think of the future a nd be in the present. The thought of two days macrocosm together in the same day is ludicrous the thought of this statement being real is also ludicrous. The real aspect of this story is that the children are misrepresent to be shacks. The children have wild and creative imaginations. The short story has two children divulge in the yard with their dog, Toni. While in the yard, the children are talking to the dog and talking among themselves. Look for your dog name, Im looking for mine. Im a dog? Yes were dogs(208). Children can actually be playing and really think that they are living in their pretend world. They can actually believe that they are really living their imaginations. People who actually read stories question the plot and the story as the story progresses. The characters in the story accept everything however, they are pretending. Questioning and receiving ideas about time and space with the identity of the characters worked well with the characters of the story. By the experience of being a reader, this person can verify that looking for a plot and the story line is very important. The attitude of the characters of the short story of The Day We Were Dogs did well. The way the characters acted through out the story was like real children playing out side with the pet dog.

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs :: Day We Were Dogs Essays

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs Writers as well as many stack make or mislabel stories. Magical, unreal, real, fantastic, and the sublime argon just a few types of different labels that a person washbasin use. The different types of stories atomic number 18 amusing and fun. The field is made up of all types of different labels of material for stories that people like to read and enjoy. Elana Garro is one of the Spanish authors who has written stories that have been mislabeled and put with former(a) stories that were listed under the magical and the unreal. The short explanation The Day We Were Dogs is one of the stories that has been misplaced. Elana Garro wrote this invention in 1993. The magical and the unreal of this story could easily be identified during the beginning part of the story, the girls woke to find a day with cardinal days inside the day. Now either this situation is unreal or it is crazy. A person can think of a day and then think of the present, or a person can think of the future and be in the present. The thought of two days universe together in the same day is ludicrous the thought of this statement being real is also ludicrous. The real aspect of this story is that the children are pretending to be dogs. The children have wild and creative imaginations. The short story has two children out in the yard with their dog, Toni. While in the yard, the children are talking to the dog and talking among themselves. Look for your dog name, Im looking for mine. Im a dog? Yes were dogs(208). Children can actually be playing and really think that they are living in their pretend world. They can actually believe that they are really living their imaginations. People who actually read stories question the plot and the story as the story progresses. The characters in the story accept everything however, they are pretending. Questioning and receiving ideas about time and space with the identity of the characters worked well with the charact ers of the story. By the experience of being a reader, this person can verify that looking for a plot and the story line is very important. The attitude of the characters of the short story of The Day We Were Dogs did well. The vogue the characters acted through out the story was like real children playing out side with the pet dog.

Leadership Theories/ Approaches Essay

As several(prenominal)s, every seek to rectify their personal, social and master key roles. As organizations, they seek people satisfactory to guide others and maximize functioning. One of the thoughts that come to people on this is to achieve Leadership but to be able to do it, it is imperative to understand its meaning, its strengths, its weaknesses and all concepts that may help individuals and organizations to approach it in their modern world. Thanks to these of necessity, many researchers have been looking for answers and ways to oppose what is drawing cards significance. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and discuss two theories/approaches of lead, in order to gain a better understanding. Every individual experiments the meaning of leaders (in family, school, playground, politics, professional work, among others). Some studies present leading as a trait or demeanour and some others from an information perspective or relational location and to be studied qualit ative and quantitative methods have been applied in varied contexts (Northouse, 2009).Behave as a leader definitives success in individuals careers and outcome in organizations, in other words leadership air leads in effectiveness (Lussier and Achua, 2009). Theorist agreed that the perspective or how leadership is interpreted can be divided in two groups uncorrupted and contemporary theoretical approaches. To focus in modern views could mean to pass over the classical views such as the traits approach, behavior or style approach and the situational approach which are often condemned because according to some authors, it does not cover the consentient reality (Winkler, 2009).To discuss this point mavin of the classics views of leadership as the situational approach is and one modern approach as transformational approach will be developed. Classical approaches undertake just one directional relation between leaders and chase where leaders have particular trait that dissimilaria te them from those who follow them musical composition most of the contemporaries approach consider it as an interaction process (Winkler, 2009).Classical theories describe characteristics and behavior of leaders (Rost, 1991), opposite of modern approaches which seem it as a complex interaction (Yuki, 2006). slural approach is one of the most known and diverse approaches of leadership, developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969) based on Reddins (1967). This approach says that different kinds of leadership are required for each different situation which can be inferred as the ability of adaptability to different environments to be an effective leader.Situational approach demands that at that place are a directive and supportive dimensions which compose it and they are highly important to be applied fittingly to the situation involved. In order to classic what is required a leader, must understand the scenario and evaluate the employees to identify their skills to perform a labo r movement given and after the analysis to choose the direct of organism directive and supportive (Northouse, 2009). There are cases when one is more suitable than the other. Everything depends on the situation. In other words it means that a leader is called to tint their style to the skills of their employees. The most effective leader is who match her or his own style to employees needs.Blanchard (1985) and Blanchard et al (1985) go outd a poser of situational approaches which was based on the previous model described by Hersey and Blanchard (1969.Situational Leadership. Taken from Blanchard et all (1985). To better understanding the dynamics of situational approach can be divided into two Leadership styles and Development level of subordinates (Northouse, 2009). The former makes reference to the behavior pattern of a person who seeks influencing others, including the directive or task oriented behavior and the supportive or relationship oriented behavior. According to the gr aphic below the leadership styles can be discriminated in 4 categories supportive, coaching, directive and delegating style which is described under each one depending on the levels of directive or supportive behavior assumed. Development levels calls the level of commitment from the employees. It goes from low to high level depending on the interest and confidence on the employees in their work. To mention some of the strengths of the situational approach it is convenient to mention that it give emphasis to the leader flexibility (Graeff, 1983).Leaders need to know their subordinates aims and accommodate to them. Employees do not act or react in the same way for all tasks provided, they distinguish between each one and their behavior is different in each situation, so leaders (Northouse, 2009). Least but not less, situational leadership reminds leaders to treat each subordinate different, according to the task (Fernandez and Vecchio, 1997). On the other hand, there is not enough ev idence of research in this field to maintain the theoretical basis (Fernandez and Vecchio, 1997). When looking at Blanchards model there is kind of ambiguity because there is not clear relation or combination between commitment and competence in subordinates (Graeff, 1997).To determinate the validity of the relationship established by Hersey and Blanchards model, Vecchio (1987) carried out a test with more of 300 hundred schools and found that teacher raw leased whit high structured styles leadership were performing better while experienced teachers were indifferent to the leadership style of the principal (Northouse, 2009). Even when criticized this approach has lock some application areas such as consulting because of its easy conceptualization and application. Situational leadership for instance can be applied in the first stage of a project when the conception of the idea is important (Northouse, 2009). To help the reader to understand more about situational approach there ar e two situations described Situation 1Budget restrictions were set in the department and a project must be consolidated. The manager thinks to pass this responsibility to an employee who is highly capable and with so much experience. This employee is well known and respected by most if the rest of the staff (Adapted from Northouse (2009)). In this particular situation which actually is faced frequently by organizations, the style of the manager or leader which was assumed is the delegating style when through delegating the accomplishment of the task to the employee is performing a low directive level and low supportive level when is asking the employee to be in charge and because of the capabilities of the employee is allowing them to decide how to do it.Situation 2Someone was recently named issue of a department in a new regional office. When knowing the staff, noticed that one of the experienced employees do not follow the tasks assigned who is new and very enthusiastic and wants to get ahead in the organization (Adapted from Northouse (2009)). .This case describes a very often situation where organizations find some enthusiastic employees who move following tasks. Because of the lack of experience of the employee but the high motivations to succeed, the most suitable leadership style would be Directing. The employee requires to be told about the specifications of each task of the job and also the surgery needs to be monitored.A more contemporary approach is the transformational leadership which stands for base of a valuable change dogmatic to followers. A transformational leader focuses on transforming others, helping each other to motivate people and maximize the performance of individuals. In particular this leadership approach was created to provide a framework that stop leaders of adopting the last leader style of the day found in any book store. In the nature of transformational leadership consciousness is inherent and also the ability to raise co nsciousness in others (Hacker and Roberts, 2003). The skills aimed are managerial and leadership and certainness of when call one style on a particular situation (Hacker and Roberts, 2003). Transformational leaders motivate their followers to do more than what they think is possible to do achieving better performances (Bass, 1998). Leaders applied one or more of the four components of the transformational leadership.According to Bass and Avolio (1990) leaders who achieved high performance results, employ the four components charismatics or idealized influence, Inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and tell apart consideration. The former is when followers identify the leader as an example and make it a model. Those leaders obtain the best of the followers because they gain their trust and respect. The inspirational leader, encourage their followers in a positive way and show them security when present their future plans, stimulating people to achieve high performance levels (Bass, 1985). When they stimulate the intellect of their followers, they enhance their creativity and persuade them to re think the ideas to solve a problem.The later, individualized consideration is applied when leaders diagnostic the needs and characteristics of their followers and care about each individual. Into a changing environment, the best leaders are those who are able to create consciousness in their followers about what they do (Bass, 1987). This kind of leadership happens when leaders get their followers highly compromised with their objective into an organization, make then ware of their needs of personal growth, instruction and achievement of goals, and when motivate them to work well for the general benefit of the organization and not just the personal benefit. An organization having conscious relationships with purpose and direction builds a strong environment to insert radical change (Hacker and Roberts, 2003).Relational transformation and consciousness. Ta ken from Hacker and Roberts (2003)To illustrate transformational results into an organization the example of leadership in St. Charles checkup system, Bend, Oregon (Adapted from Hacker and Roberts, 2003) will be used.Mr. Jim LussierLeadership position CEOOrganization St. Charles medical system, Bend, OregonTransformational results In 1989, Jim Lussier projected to transform St. Charles Medical focalize (SCMC) Jims dream charmed people over the world, resulting in varied questioning about existing hypotheses. The innovative results of reduced costs, reduced lengths of stay, greater patient of satisfaction, award-winning service and a long waiting list of nurses seeking being employed, reveal the skills of leader transformation and structuring an organization of meaning. SCMC proved that real fondness can coming back to the medical system which for many patients is onlinely a non-existing service. And for many doctors, nurses and other caregivers they system where they practice i s not alive. SCMC under Jims leadership has evidenced something unique that other medical services do not have. To construct his successful approach, Jim employed over 250 task forces to analyze which changes must be done.Through a process of five years Jim and his team redefined the healthcare delivered service, pointing that the spirit of love and compassion must be enhanced to technology and intellect in curing the body. Every process and procedure was reengineered and the healthcare givers were trained in patient-relationship basis, the staff was encouraged to innovate and be creative. When Jim Lussier was asked How did you build your vision and involve others in? He commented that he created his vision in a personal level and with his mind clear and with the perception of their job as creation of continuum services in order to improve health. He was positive convinced that what they needed were people with a mission in their lives to work with them. Jims teaching evidences wh at the transformational leadership seeks in a leader, it is to get people clear in their minds about his projections and through that get followers that want to take part and improve themselves offering their best.After considering both approaches the author of this essay establishes that even when both were attempted in different times, both are the answers that at their moments were given by the researchers that were interested in improve the performance of organizations. The classical approach discussed which was the situational leadership by its moment found that the style of leaders which Blanchard et al (1985) characterized in four styles (Supporting, Directing, Coaching and delegating) according to the levels of direction and support were related to the commitment and knowledge of subordinates. How the leader behaves influences their subordinates and generates the outcomes into an organization.In a more contemporary scenario where it is recognized that changes happen all the time the requirements of any organizations are based on leaders able to respond to them maximizing the outputs and following the recognition of humans as essential element. So that, leaders were call to establish closer relationships with their teams, to study them, identify their needs and inspire them to perform a greater levels. A leader in the current scenario of business needs to be highly motivator and creative to get others involved in his/her visions. In the authors view the characteristics, skill, behavior, among others of a leader are closely related to the business environment where leadership has place.The must be adjusted to the needs and vision of the organization where they exercise it and always procuring to elevates the performance of individuals, gaining their respect, trust, and common commitment. What the author understands as leadership is that it is how individuals obtain enhance employees with organizations vision behaving as every particular situation require s, doing it efficiently (do things right) and efficaciously (doing the right thing). Every individual desiring to be a leader must understand their environment and establish consolidated strategies in order to performance as one. Everyone conscious of themselves, capable of identify their weaknesses and strengths can behave as a leader.REFERENCESAaker, D.A., Joachimsthaler, E., 2005. Liderazgo de Marca. Deusto Bass, Bernard M. (1981) Stogdills Handbook of Leadership A Survey of Theory and Research. sweet York Free Press Bass, B.M., 1998. Transformational Leadership Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact. Routledge.Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J., 1994. Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. SAGEHacker, S. & Roberts, T., 2003. Transformational Leadership Creating Organizations of Meaning. ASQ Quality Press.Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H (1988). Management of organizational behavior Utilizing human resources (6th. Ed.) Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice HallLussier, R.N., Achua, C.F., 2009. Leadership Theory, Application, & Skill Development. Cengage Learning.Northouse, P.G., 2009. Leadership Theory and Practice. SAGE.Reddin, W. J. (1967, April). The 3-D management style theory. Training and development Journal, pp 8 -17Vecchio, R.P (1987). Situational leadership theory An examination of a prescriptive theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 444-451Winkler, I., 2009. Contemporary Leadership Theories Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership. Springer.

Youth Sports

Y come forthh delights According to the Center for Kids First, at that place argon more than 40 million younker suspensors that play fluctuations in America today. These spring chicken suspensors countenance a plethora of organizations they can pursue. From super free-enterprise(a) programs like the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) which includes athleticss like baseb each/softball, basketball, soccer and volleyball to the supposedly free rein programs like PAL, POP Warner, and Little League Baseball/Softball there is a league for anyone regardless of their skill aim or competitive fire.The thumping question is do playing y step uph sports affect the athlete in the long run? There ar many factors involved in the controversy of offspring sports that in the long run whitethorn push the athlete away from sports all together. Not only is it the athlete that is involved in this process, the civilizees, invokes, and fis original competitors play a huge role in the affect yo uth athletics have on its athletes. As we go along we are expiry to talk about some of the problems associated with youth athletics, and try to find solutions to these problems.The first thing that comes to mind when you think about problems in youth sport would be the passionate parents. The parent that goes above and beyond to push their tyke to his/her limits. A study conducted by the Citizens Through skylarks Alliance gave what they call a report bill poster showing the results of how parents effect youth sports (Emmons). This panel of experts essentially based their results on youth sports programs with ages ranging from 6-14(Emmons). Parents received low grades in the areas of a win at all be mentality and overall parent behavior.Executive director for the Positive Coaching Alliance, Jim Thompson said, We really hope this is a wake-up call. This is such an valuable part of kids lives and if there is something wrong with youth sports, then we ought to start thinking abou t the ways we can change it. (Emmons) The parents role in a childs youth sport experience could range from being the driver to and from practices and naughtys all the way to being the coach of the team and officiating the game itself for that matter (Hedstrom/Gould). But what is really going on?Early studies have shown that the role of the parents in youth sports has become more of a problem as time has passed. Results show that the five biggest problems that parents have involving there child in youth sports include overemphasis on winning, unrealistic expectations, coaching their own child, criticizing, and pampering there child too much (Hedstrom/Gould). There have been documented accounts of parents arguing with coaches, confronting referees, and even unforeseen altercations while attending a youth sporting event. So how do we attempt to remedy this situation? unitary approach would be for the parents too fully immerse themselves into the culture of the league. Do some reading, attend informatory sessions, and talk to other parents involved in the league to try and get a full sense of the philosophy and goals of the organization (Emmons). Doing this will allow for the parent to get a scope of how the league operates and see what values and goals the league holds true. It is important that the parent be involved in the childrens experience in youth sport, but its more important that they dont pressure the child before, during, and after a contest.Just being there attending games, brainish to away games, and joining in team celebrations will show a strong support for the child and enhance their experience in youth sports (Hedstrom/Gould). One final approach that I personally like would be at the very beginning of the season before you even have your first practice, the coach of the team should call a team meeting and have all the parents of the players attend. The purpose of this meeting would be to discuss the main objectives of the season and make sure that everyone is on the same page (Hedstrom/Gould).While running this meeting it is important to stress the roles of everyone involved and stress good sportsmanship. Burnout is said to be one of the biggest factors that attributes to youth athletes quitting. What is burnout? The rendering from the text of the book social issues in sport tells us that burnout is the exhaustion of physical or emotional strength as a result of protract stress that causes athletes to discontinue competitive sports. Studies have told us that an estimated 73% of athletes drop out of sports by the age of 13 (Adkins).This is a staggering figure that as time has passed continues to grow. Not only is it the fact that the athlete may be acquiring burned out by playing one sport, they may adept give up and quit playing organized sports all together (Adkins). There are a few main explanations that can be attributed to athlete burnout. The first suggestion is the excessive stress and pressure put on the athlet e. These days there is such an emphasis on winning and being the outmatch that we see at a puppylikeer and younger age that athletes are pressured to win at all costs (Masterson).They are pushed above and beyond what their comfortableness level may be and exposed to excessive stress and pressure by parents, coaches, and fellow teammates (Adkins). A second theory suggests that the athlete experience what is called entrapment. They locate all this time into their sport but is not seeing any of the rewards or benefits of all the work they have put in. basically what is happening is that the costs are outweighing the benefits which over the long run is ca apply the athlete to burnout (Masterson). So how do we stop athletes from burning out and eventually dropping out of youth sports all together?In my opinion, it boils down to the factor of strong suit. If at a young age you push your child to just play one sport year roughly your child over time is going to grow tired and bored of doing the same thing every single day. I bump that it is important for the parent to encourage their child to participate in multiple sports. This will not only keep them active all year round but it will keep their mind fresh and will allow for them to find different things to do with their time. Another suggestion would be for the parent of the child to not force anything on their child, especially at a young age.In youth sport, if the parent pushes their child to compete in a sport they are not willing or wanting to compete in this will only speed up the process of burnout and more than likely cause a disconnect in the relationship between the athlete and parent (Hill). This leads me into my next problem with youth sports which is the concept of specialization in sport. At younger and younger ages children are beginning to play sports and more and more the parents are pushing their child to focus on just one sport.Specialization is defined as an athlete limiting their athleti c participation to one sport which is practiced, trained for, and competed in throughout the year (Hill). There are many arguments for and against specialization in sport. Sport specialization lives by a basic philosophy, if you start them early you can narrow there focus and concentrate on one sport (Hill). With the competitive nature of sports today and the overemphasis on winning, parents and coaches are beginning to feel that sport specialization is needed for athletes to keep up with one another.Especially at the collegiate level where there is such a spot light on athletes they may feel driven to specialize in one sport to enhance their chances of getting a college scholarship. In youth sports, with the overabundance of competitive leagues children can play in year round coaches feel that if you specialize in one sport overtime you will more effectively refine your skills and master your craft through increased practice time in that sport. These are some wide arguments that s upport the sport specialization agenda, but I feel that there are more disadvantages to sport specialization than there are advantages.Bottom line is that a young age no one is 100% positive on what their child is going to be good at when they get older. So it is important that in youth sports children diversify their experience and try many different sports. Some of the disadvantages involved in specialization include psychological burn out which we touched on in the previous section. In some cases, when an athlete specializes in one sport they miss the opportunity to play other sports which may cause them to miss the sport they are best at. So, I feel that at a young age when kids get involved in youth sports that they should try everything (Hill).For example, when I was 6 I attempted to play little league soccer and after the first week of practice I obdurate to retire because I felt that it just wasnt the best sport for me. When parents emphasize specialization on their childre n the child could possibly miss the sport that they are fit to play (Adkins). One of the main problems associated with specialization in youth sport is that if the athlete is playing the same sport year round and using the same muscles throughout the year, those muscles are bound to break down (Masterson).This if one reason why I am a true believer in sport diversification. Athletes who diversify their experience in youth sport are regularly using different muscle groups and have a reduced hazard of overuse injury. Sport diversification also does a lot of other positive things to help youth athletes (Masterson). Sport sampling, especially at a young age in youth sports provides them with a variety of options for later sport activity. They are using different skill variations that may transfer from sport to sport.There is a cushion against failure knowing that when one sport ends that another one will be starting up soon (Hill). All these factors of sport diversification are great ways in which children can stay active and fit, stay involved in youth sport, and not get burned out too quickly. Youth sports are definitely a huge force in America today. But, if were not careful the negative aspects that have been mentioned throughout this opus are going to not only drive kids out of playing sports all together, they are going to hurt high school and eventually college athletics.Sport specialization is a huge force behind youth sports burnout and by age 13 youre seeing more and more kids drop out of youth sports all together. We need to diversify the experience children are having in youth sports and get them to play different sports year round. The trend of overzealous parents is an easy relieve oneself if we just sit down with them and clarify exactly what we are looking for at the beginning of the season and continue to stress sportsmanship. We know that there are going to be those parents that cant be controlled but maybe if we use this method we will reduc e the number of outburst and control the overzealous parent.Youth sport is and always was meant to be a fun experience for children to go out play a great game and have fun with their friends. lets get back to those days and rebuild our youth sports programs to the fun loving carefree atmosphere they once were.Works CitedHill, Dr. Grant. Sport Specialization Causes and Concerns. Utah Sport For Life Utah Athletic Foundation. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.http//utahsportforlife. comAdkins, Michael. Youth Sports Issues. EHow How To Do Just About Everything How To Videos & Articles. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.http//www. ehow. comMasterson Ph. D, Gerald. Problems in Youth Sports. Family Resource. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.http//www. familyresource. comEmmons/ Mercury News, Mark. Adults nuisance Youth Sports. Ballistic United Soccer Club. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.http//www. busc. orgHedstrom, and Gould. The Role of Parents in Childrens Sports. College of Education Michigan State University. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. ht tp//www. educ. msu. edu

Computer and Information System Essay

The single information technology dust that holds the most potential for my organization is electronic Health Records (EHR). The organization I am associated with is a sm exclusively orthopedic surgery practice that houses five physicians. Each physician operates as an independent buck private corporation and maintains an individual chart for each patient. If a patient visits multiple physicians within the clinic, the patient will have multiple charts.The medical records area houses all the charts for all the physicians. An EHR system would reduce storage space, allow physicians to have better information access when treating patients already seen by other physicians within the clinic, and reduce cost in supplies for paper charts and medical records personnel. EHR systems are supposed to increase the quality of patient care and revitalize practices by saving the health care system by 77. 8 billion annually (Baron, 2005).Approximately 78% of physicians in the United States operate in practices with fewer than eight physicians (Baron, 2005). Therefore, overcoming and understanding the obstacles these small practices formula will be essential in successful EHR systems. EHR systems work to help reduce repetitive processes such as prescription refills and documenting, real-time, conversations with patients for better continuity of care. The major(ip) barriers of EHR systems are initial costs, training, and long-term support.In all, an EHR system would allow physicians in our small practice to communicate more clearly with patients on the telephone, transmit all-important(a) information efficiently to other specialists, spend less time paging through charts for obscure lab values, and allow physicians access to underway health information without having to leave the room and interrupt a patient encounter. By far, an EHR system would have the single most impact in my organization.

Work attitude in Vietnam

Work attitudes have become the most critical point for managers In the context that in that location Is a shift from a planned to market economy In developing countries. This raised a question for managers about whether or not this interpolate may affect employee attitudes about work, commitment to a company, satisfaction and willingness to work hard. In a look into conducted in Vietnam, three researchers, namely, El NCO Hung, Stephen Apollo and Earn Eagleburger explored and polished the issues of organizational commitment, Job satisfaction and reasons affecting work attitudes in Vietnam.To begin with, the critical reason for this survey conducted in Vietnam was that Vietnam was one of the most suitable countries for this research where employees have traditionally worked for state-owned enterprises (Goes) but now are starting to work In sparing market. Moreover, Vietnam had a potential labor workforce and nearly 80 million people were born after 1975. Thus, If the government ca n utilize this advantage by effective Investment or attracting foreign Investors, It will be a considerable competitive force.Otherwise, It might trigger to various social problems. As the research revealed, generally speaking, Vietnamese employees expressed positive work value. In specific, older employees were more than attached to their organizations and more satisfied with their jobs, while employees with more education had lower commitment and Job satisfaction. They also reported more committed when they held a Job that was complicated, required more teamwork or they considered their Job as a central life interest.Employees who sought more independent or high school income were less satisfied with their Jobs. However, there are some distinctions in attitude of employees between working in Goes and private companies as well as in regions. There was a trend that employees working In private firms were more satisfied and committed than their counterparts In Goes. Relating to reg ional differences, the attitudes of older workers In the south of Vietnam were more positive than the north and SEE employees In the north had such more negative attitudes than their counterparts in the south.The main purpose of this research was better understand employees as well as find the best way to treat them in order to enhance their organizational commitment and job satisfaction. This research also indicated economic restructuring was the core leading to negative attitudes in the north because nearly all of their Job were in Goes. With the change in this structure, a great deal of curtailment and Job changing may be more extensive in the north, triggering to uncertainty in their minds.

Philosophy Paper on Gods Existence

Tiera Suggs R. McCashland ism 101 Final Paper Final school of thought Paper I will oppose Bertrand Russells view that believing in god is trivial and that of humans poor imagination. I will use Tim Holts school of thought of Religion to show how believing in beau ideal is more logical than not. Russell uses a few arguments to try an refute the existence of God in why I am not a Christian. I will address the First Cause crease, the Design Theory Argument, and the Morality Argument. I will tally briefly on what Russell thinks and thusly use common and widely accepted theories to refute Russell.Russell uses many reasons to support his disbelief of God and refutes many known theories explaining God but I will focus on his main points. First of which being, The First-Cause Argument, which basically means everything we know has a cause and no matter how uttermost back existence is traced, there is chain events of causes leading back to one cause. Russell rebuked this argument by quoting an autobiography by John Stuart Mills,My father taught me that the question Who make me? cannot be answered, since it immediately suggests the further question Who made god? That sentence for Russell confirms that God mustnt exist, he also says our poor imagination created the idea of God (Russell why I am not a Christian). Russell fails to logically disprove Gods existence because he did not adequately cast doubt upon the many different arguments that have a clearer, more philosophical standpoint. The Cosmological Argument simply states (1) Everything that exists has a cause of its existence.? (2) The populace exists.? wherefore? (3) The innovation has a cause of its existence.? (4) If the universe has a cause of its existence, then that cause is God.? Therefore? (5) God exists.It does not seem logical or ideal to use an authors autobiography to try and disprove a widely accepted theory. Any person can take a set of ideas and say, this is wrong because but one must just nowify ones point. Russells argument carries no weight because it is not adequately philosophical. Even if you try and refute the Cosmological Argument on the grounds of saying, if everything has a cause then shouldnt God? The Kalam Cosmological Argument takes it a step further by saying there is a difference between God and the universe, the universe has a beginning in time subjecting it to be caused/created.Since God has no beginning in time, then he is not subject to be caused/created (Holt school of thought of Religion). The Cosmological Argument used along with the Kalam Cosmological Argument make Russells standpoint weaken and seem arbitrary. The next point Russell attacks in Why I am not a Christian is the Design Theory, which states Everything in the world is made just so that we can manage to live in the world, and if the world was ever so little different, we could not manage to live in it. Russell denies that belief by saying, ince the time of Darwin we understa nd ofttimes better why living creatures are adapted to their environment. It is not that their environment was made to be suitable to them but that they grew to be suitable to it, and that is the basis of adaptation. There is no demonstration of design about it. What makes his standpoint questionable is the fact that he is trying to simplify the complexity of the nature of humans and leaves it to coincidence.. Yes we adapt to our surroundings but how? By chance? That is too unbelievable, organs as complicated as the heart or lungs function sequentially because of chance?That notion is not logical. In Philosophy of Religion, The teleological Argument however is, stating that the world was created and exists with a purpose in mind. The universe is a ordered system and nothing is left to chance. The Teleological Argument is more believable than Russells just because so called reasonings. Russells next argument is that of morality. He intrusts God is not the reason for right and wro ng, because if you believe in God, you believe he is all honest. So how can something all good create wrong? But one can refute Russells statement by simply saying, morality is a set of commands so there ust be a commander (Holt Philosophy of religion). The Formal Moral Argument states (1) Morality consists of a set of commands.? (2) For every command there is a commander.? Therefore? (3) There is a commander that commanded morality.? (4) Commands only carry as much authority as does their commander.? (5) Morality carries ultimate authority.? Therefore? (6) The commander that commanded morality carries ultimate authority.? (7) Only God carries ultimate authority.? Therefore? (8) The commander that commanded morality is God.? Therefore? (9) God exists. The Formal Moral Argument seems more plausible than Russells theory.It follows a clear system and answers questions of morality, while Russell just bears the conclusion of God is good so there cannot be bad. Again, Russells theories a re illogical and incomplete compared to ones he is trying to disprove. Russell fails to clarify his statement, his argument is not convincing and is a immature conclusion about God that he cannot even validate. Russell obviously holds some strong convictions against Christianity and God in general. But his reasoning and conclusions are not philosophical, thereof rendering them illogical and mundane. Russells argument is not as valid as he thinks.One needs reasons in proving or disproving something, not just banters and foolish inquires. Russell is foolish in saying God was created by humans with a poor overactive imagination, he is filled with more imagination to believe the universe and everything in it was just a random coincidence. Russells attempts are weak and vague, not enough to disprove complete logical statements. Works Cited Holt, Tim. Philosophy of Religion. 2008. 23, Nov. 2009. . Russell, Bertrand. Why I am not a Christian. edited by John R. Lenz for the Bertrand Rus sell Society. 1996. 23, Nov. 2009.

12 Angry Men: Review 3

In the beginning of 12 Angry Men, they clarify that they had sat through six days of court listening to the case, and were now immediate to reconcile the verdict. After those six days of hearing believed conclusive evidence and no defense from the plaintiff, it seemed to be an assured decision. When I researched on what exactly happens in the instrument panel Room it said The first motion of business in a jury room is to select one of the jurors as a fore soldiery. He or she leads the discussion and tries to encourage everyone to join in the discussion.Every juror should have input. The purpose of these deliberations is to have a robust, uninhibited discussion which will lead to a calm, unbiassed reasoning. With that being understood, it helped me comprehend and get more of a grasp on what the mode the jury room should have. As we saw in the movie, the jurors entered the room and no(prenominal) of them seemed eager or looked like they had the motivation to sit there and convers e. What makes matter worse was the scorching heat with no air conditioning.They were locked intimate a sm every(prenominal) room with 12 other men one was sick, and almost all of them were smoking. Absolutely nobody wanted to be there, so the climate is completely negative to begin with. Climate is de bookd as the atmosphere or environment within a group and is experienced by all members of the group. It materializes and is impacted by communication and endure either be supportive or defensive. The frame of mind is set by the irritated baseball sports fan who itemises everyone he has a game to get to and makes it clear that this case has an unambiguous verdict.With this sort of nonverbal confidence he is showing in his decision, it provides confirmation to the jurors in the room that there is nonhing significant to discuss. The only thing established is the fact that the jurors have already made up their mind about the boy being guilty without any discussion. To start the juro rs meeting, they decided to take a vote of how many feel the boy is guilty and how many do non. fortunately for the boy being tried as guilty, there was one juror, Henry Fonda that had a reason fitting doubt about the case and stood against the others.It wasnt that he had already a made a decision on the verdict it was that he felt he couldnt vote guilty and send a man to die until he at least talked about it. The climate in the room became exceptionally negative because they all thought they were vent to be able to go home but Fonda stopped them from doing so by not voting guilty. One man wouldnt stop yelling and others were taking his spatial relation making the environment in the room a bit hostile. Fonda was willing to face the ridicule of eleven angry men.He challenged every juror to effectively tell him why they are voting guilty, which promoted deliberation. By standing up to all of the others, he gradually began to gain respect from some of the other jurors who were now ready to hear what he actually had to say. Without being named the jury foreman, Fonda turned the broken juror room into a proper and productive room. In my opinion, this was a fine demonstration of leadership. When they decided to take turns around the table putting their two cents in, Fonda sat there and listened.Instead of arguing for the sake of not guilty, he simply let the other jurors elaborate on some of the main facts they had in the case, which often became major points of speculation. Just by listening, Fonda was able to hear everyones arguments and the other jurors themselves started to endorse guess themselves because what they believed were based on wrongful facts. When they started discussing more and more about a particular fact or certain evidence, the smaller details became inconclusive. Without listening, none of what they had found out by speculating the facts, wouldnt have unfolded the way it did.It was from there, they started developing cohesiveness and the j urors started opening their minds and exploring all of the other possibilities. As they kept their discussions and expatiated on the facts that they can all relate to, clues about the case started to become clear. They started to listen to one another, realizing it was necessary to hear to each one others incite, and they finally began to support each others views. This is a perfect illustration of groupthink, which is where group members try to cut down on any sort of conflict by not evaluating, scrutinizing, or arguing with other peoples ideas.However, they had a conflict with one of the jurors. There was no intention throughout the entire movie that this was going to switch his vote because he had personal ties from a family feud he was portraying. He had told us that in the beginning of the movie that he got into a clenched fist fight with his 16 year old son and hasnt seen him in two years. Once everyone was on the same page, convincing this man to vote not guilty became the n ame of the gamehttp//www. alameda. courts. ca. gov/courts/jury/procedure. shtml

Indian Textile Industry

Indian Textile diligenceStructure, Problems and Solutions Subject Term Paper of Organization Management Under Guidance of Dr. Vinayshil Gautam pen By Jaimeen Rana Entry 2012SMF6890 1 INDEX a) Introduction 3 b) History 3 c) Structure of Indian Textile Industry 3 d) communion and Effectiveness 4 e) Problems faced by Textile Industry in India 5 f) Steps taken by government till now 7 g) St appraisegies for product 8 h) Conclusion 9 i) References 10 2 a) Introduction Indian Textile and App bel Industry is second largest manufacturer in the realism with an estimated export value of US$ 34 billion and domestic consumption of US$ 57 billion.It stands at number ii position in generating bulky employment for both educated and uneducated labor in India. Over 350 lakh people be employed in this exertion in India. 14% of total industrial output signal is done by this sphere. 4% of Indias GDP is obtained by this sector. It contributes 17% to the Indias total export earnings. Top compan ies in Textile intentness in India Bombay Dyeing Fabindia JCT Limited Welspun India ltd Lakshmi Mills Mysore Silk Factory Arvind Mills Raymonds Reliance Textiles Grasim Industries ) History Indias textile industry evolved and developed at a very early stage and its manufacturing technology was one of the best ones. Indias manu tot onlyyy operated textile machines were among the best in the human race, and served as a impersonate for production of the first textile machines in newly industrialized countries like England. Marco Polos records show that Indian textiles utilise to be exported to many a(prenominal) Asian countries. Textiles deport also comprised a significant portion of the Portuguese trade with India.These included embroidered bedspreads, wall hangings and quits of embroidered wild silk on a cotton or jute ground. A big triumph of Indian textile industry led to the foundation of the London East India Company in 1600, fol beginninged by Dutch and French companies. By 1670, there was serious demand for their governments to ban the import of these cottons from India. The legacy of the Indian textile industry stemmed from its wealth in natural resources cotton, jute and silk. The technology holdd was superior and the skills of the weavers gave the finished product a most beautiful and ethnic look. ) Structure of Indian Textile Industry The structure of this industry is very interlocking with the modern, automated and high-pitchedly mechanized mill sector on one side and hand spinning and hand weaving (handloom sector) on the other side. The clarified scale power loom sector, which is de pennyimeralized, lies in mingled with of the two. 3 Indian Textile Industry is divided into major 3 segments 1) cotton fiber Textiles 2) Synthetic Textiles 3) Others (wool, jute, silk etc) gutter today cotton textiles are on top with 73% share in total Indian textiles.Coexistence of old technologies of hand work (spinning, weaving, and knitting) with th e advanced robotic spindles and loom makes the structure of cotton textile industry very complex. Indian textile industry consists of itty-bitty scale, non integrated spinning, weaving, knitting, fabric finishing and clothing enterprises, which is not the case in other countries. This unique structure is because of government policies that have promoted labor intensive small scale operations and discriminated against big scale organizations. d) conference and put upivenessThe study asking this was conducted within city of Coimbatore, which is considered Manchester of South India. Six textile organizations (3 small and 3 large) were selected within the city. The objective of the study was to examine the difference between small and large organizations in terms of structure, conference and effectiveness. The difference based on structure, communication and effectiveness between large and small organizations show that the two organizations differ significantly with respect to all dimensions except participation in decision making.Large organizations are more than centralized, formalized and employees experience highly routine tasks. With regard to communication pattern, small organizations have more open communication while in large organizations communication is more accurate. With regard to effectiveness, large organizations are more effective with regard to all dimensions except job involvement and job performance which are better in small organizations. The effect of structure and communication variables on organizational commitment, job satisfaction, organizational performance and adaptability are more pronounced in large organizations while moderate in small ones.Participation in decision making process has a strong positive effect on job satisfaction, commitment, organization performance and moderate positive effect on job performance. Task routineness and formalization have low positive effect on job involvement and performance in large firms. In small organizations, centralization has a moderate negative effect on job satisfaction. Centralization has a low negative, task routineness has a low positive and formalization has a moderate negative effect on group processes.The effect of communication openness is pronounced on job satisfaction and performance. The negative effect of communication accuracy is high on job involvement and group processes and moderate on organizational performance. 4 e) Problems faced by Textile Industry in India (1) Shortage of raw materials Raw material determines 35 per cent of the total production cost. The country is short of cotton, particularly long- staple cotton which is merchandise from Pakistan, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Egypt, Tanzania, U. S. A. and Peru.It is pity that despite largest area under(a) cotton (26 per cent of the world acreage) the country accounts for only 9 percent of the world payoff of cotton. Fluctuating prices and uncertainties in the availability of raw material cause l ow production. (2) Obsolete machinery In India most of the cotton textile mills are working with old and antiquated machinery. According to one estimate in India over 60 per cent of the spindles are more than 25 years old. The automatic looms account for only 18 per cent of the total number of looms in the country against the world average of 62 per cent and 100 per cent in the United States.Obsolete machinery leads to low output and poor quality of goods as a result of which Indian textile goods are not able to face challenger in the international market. (3) effect shortage-Textile mills are facing acute shortage of power. Supplies of coal are difficult to obtain and frequent cuts in electricity and load shedding uphold the industry badly. This leads to loss of man hours, low production and loss in the mills. (4) Low productivity of promote Low productivity is another major paradox of cotton textile industry. On an verage an Indian factory worker only handles 380 spindles a nd 2 looms as compared to 1,500-2,000 spindles and 30 looms in Japan. If the productivity of an American worker is taken as 100, the corresponding figure for U. K. is 51 and for India only 13. Also industrial relations are not very good in the country. Strikes, layoffs, retrenchments are the common land features of many cotton mills in the country. (5) Competition in foreign market The Indian cotton textile goods are facing stiff competition in foreign markets from Taiwan, South Korea and Japan whose goods are cheaper and better in quality.It is really paradoxical that in a country where wages are low and cotton is internally available, production cost should be so high. While certain traditional buyers of Indian textile goods like Myanmar, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Aden etc. are facing severe balance of trade problem most European countries like France, Germany, U. K. and Austria etc. have imposed quota limitations over the Indian textile imports. Acute world recession has badly affected the export prospects. (6) Competition from the decentralized sector An important factor for the rowing sickness of the mill sector is the growth of the decentralized sector. Being a small-scale sector, the Government allowed excise concessions and other privileges. These accompanied with low wages have led to low cost of production in the decentralized sector. 5 As a result of which the share of mill sector is decreasing, while the share of decentralized sector is increasing. So much so that the share of mill sector in the production of cotton fabrics has gone down from 7. 9 per cent in 1994-95 (cf. power looms 69% and handlooms 21. 6%) to 4. 4per cent in 1999-2000 (cf. ower looms 76. 3% and handlooms 19. 3%). (7) Government controls and heavy excise duties the cotton textile industry has greatly suffered due to wrong and faulty policies of the Government. In the old the Government has sought control of price, distribution of screw thread, pattern of production, etc . At one time the price of the cloth was fixed by the Government under the cost of production. Similarly under the yarn distribution scheme of 1972, the Government made it obligatory on all mills to supply 50 per cent of the production of yarn to the decentralized sector at reduced rates.The high import duty on imported cotton, upward revision of the price of the indigenous cotton and heavy excise duty on cotton cloths are other detrimental factors. Another problem of the mill sector is related to the production of controlled cloths wherein mills are incurring big loss. (8) Sick mills-In India about 130 cotton mills are sick and incurring constant losses. The Government has arrange up the National Textile Corporation (NTC) to run these sick mills. Although the government has invested huge money to rehabilitate and modernize these mills, but these mills are stock- even to become profitable.The NTC is facing dual problems of the obsolete machine, y and excess labour in these mill s. According to a working group of the Planning Commission the industry needs Rs. 180. 55 crores for rehabilitation and Rs. 630 crores for the modernization of sick mills. The cotton textile industry of the country is thus facing both short-term and longterm problems. Former includes problems of high prices, shortage of raw materials, liquidity problems due to poor sales and accumulation of huge stocks due to poor demand in the market.The long term problems of the industry include the slow pace of modernization, outdated technology resulting into low productivity, high cost of production, low profitability and increasing sickness of mills. Other small problems are inadequate training facilities in textile sector, come apart garment industry, structural weaknesses in weaving and processing, rigid labor laws, infrastructural bottlenecks in terms of power, utility, road conveyancing etc 6 f) Steps taken by government till nowThe Government has undertaken a series of progressive measu res like introduction of Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC), Technology Up gradation (sp) fund Scheme (TUFS), Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP), reduction in tradition duty on import of state-of-the-art machinery, Debt Restructuring Scheme, setting up of Apparel Training and Design Centers (ATDCs), 100% Foreign Direct Investment in the textile sector under automatic route, setting up of National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) etc, for upgrading and strengthening the textile sector in India.From time to time, in consultation with all stakeholders, Government modifies these schemes so as to achieve better results through improved delivery of programs/schemes. These progressive measures have helped the textile sector to achieve improved growth in production enhanced productivity and a larger share of textile export market in the world. (1) Technology Upgrading Fund Scheme To drive technological upgrading in the sector, the Government launched TUFS with effect from 1 A pril 1999 for five years initially, and which is extended up to 2011/12.The scheme provides for reimbursement of 5 per cent interest paid on term loans for technological upgrading of textile machinery. In this way, the Government has assisted the Indian textile companies by ensuring that they are not over-burdened by the high interest rate prevailing in the country. (2) Integrated textile parks scheme In order to a world-class infrastructure for textile units as well as facilitate the need for them to meet international social and environmental standards, this scheme envisages the creation of textile parks in the public-private partnership mode.Currently, 30 parks are in various stages of implementation, and 50 more are planned for the next five years. (3) Fiscal rationalization In the 2006 budget, the excise duty on all manmade fibers and yarns was reduced from 16 per cent to 8 per cent. The 2007 budget carried it forward by reducing the customs duty on polyester fibers and yarns f rom 10 per cent to 7. 5 per cent. The customs duty on polyester raw materials such as DMT, PTA and MEG were also reduced from 10 per cent to 7. 5 per cent. These measures are expected to make manmade fibers and yarn cheaper and thus increase the competitiveness of fabric and crop manufacturers. 4) Technology Mission on Cotton In February 2000, the Government launched the Technology Mission on Cotton with the objective of addressing the issues of raising productivity, improving quality and reduction of contamination in cotton. Indeed, cotton 7 production in the past three years has change magnitude substantially and contamination has been reduced, as assessed by independent agencies. (5) Other steps taken to increase competitiveness Earlier, only small-scale manufacturers were allowed to make woven RMG, create from raw material and hosiery products.While the initial aim was to boost employment opportunities and promote entrepreneurship at the smaller enterprise levels, in practice it rendered the small manufacturers uncompetitive globally. By 2003/04, the sector had been totally freed. In addition, FDI up to 100 per cent through the automatic route has now been allowed. So that textile industry will have higher(prenominal) amount of foreign investment. And new technology machinery can be used in India by foreign players which can cause local players also to use the new technology. g) Strategies for growth 1) Improving labour laws One of the main requirements for growth in the apparel subsector is the relaxation/amendment of the labour laws, to ensure an equal chance of success for the countrys exporters and manufacturers in the present global environment. Outdated labour laws have induced inflexibility in the clothing industry, leading both to fragmented operations in order to circumvent these laws and to lost export orders due to industrys hesitation over expanding when there is an upsurge. Most of the countries competing with India have labour laws that ar e more flexible.For example, the Chinese apparel industry has highly flexible labour laws that allow for lay-offs during the non-peak season, hiring of contract labour, and a flexible hiring and firing system in SEZ-based units. The Mexican apparel industry allows layoffs during the slack business season. The industry in India is proposing the provision of flexibility to textile exporting units in hiring labour, subject to ensuring 100 old age employment to cater to variations in demand. An increase in daily working hours from 9 hours a day to 12 hours a day, and in weekly working hours from 48 hours a week to 60 hours a week, is also being proposed. 2) Decreasing transaction costs Various studies have established that the transaction costs faced by the Indian industry are very high, which adversely affects its competitiveness. A study undertaken by the EXIM Bank of India clearly showed that although transaction costs in India had declined because of declining procedural complexitie s, they were still substantially higher if compared with competitors. Transaction costs vary from sector to sector, and are very high in the textiles and garment subsector, ranging from 3 per cent to 10 per cent of export revenue in 2002. These costs, inter alia, are shown in table 2. 3) Improving the general infrastructural conditions This improvement includes roads, transportation etc. , so that the costs of reaching the nearest port as well as turnaround time at the port are globally comparable, to ensure that Indian exporters are not placed at a disadvantage vis-a-vis global competitors. 8 h) Conclusion Indian textile industry is a huge source of employment for both skilled and unskilled labor of India so it is very important industry as per economic perspective. This industry faces many problems some of which have been overcome thanks to government policies. But, still some problems are yet to be solved.Different strategies have to be implemented for that purpose. Large section s of the textile value-chain still need to be fully modernized, while the export sector has yet to take full advantage of its existing production strength. There are many areas around the world and many product lines where India is very weakly represented. Thus, while the private sector will need to continue its heavy investment in this industry during the next several years, building on the recent positive trends, India also needs to integrate more fully into the global textile and apparel value chain in order to reap the full benefits from its strengths.Only a coordinated effort by all the Government, industry and individual units can alter India to achieve its apparently high and stretched targets of the 12th FiveYear Plan. 9 i) References 1) Sharma Milan, Textile Industry of India and Pakistan, A. P. H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2006 2) Research paper Organizational structure, communication and effectiveness in Textile industry (January, 2000) Authors T Chandramohan Reddy and S Gayathri Journal Indian Journal of Industrial Relations http//www. jstor. org/stable/27767666 ) Article Indian Textile Industry by Dr. P Chellasamy and N Sumathi http//www. fibre2fashion. com/industry-article/market-research-industry-reports/indian-textileindustry/indian-textile-industry1. asp 4) Article Indian textile and clothing sector poised for a leap by J. N. Singh http//www. unescap. org/tid/publication/tipub2500_pt1chap6. pdf 5) Article Indian Textile and apparel sector An analysis of aspects related to domestic supply and Demand by Badri Narayan G http//www. unescap. org/tid/publication/tipub2500_pt1chap5. pdf 10

Advertising Light Beer Essay

Our concourse decided to focus on light beer that is targeted to in the first place college students. Since our clients ar college students, we wanted to relate to their preferences of mainly punk beer. We agreed to focus on competitors such as bud Light, Miller Lite, and Coors Light, who all target mainly college students. According to an online article Social Media Overview of Coors light, Bud Light, and Dogfish Head Brewery Coors Light beer is adept of the most public beer brands in North America. Coors Lights target demographic appears to be college students. After researching Coors Lights complaisant media we move over learned that they do not update their chitter page on a regular basis. In fact, their first tweet on Twitter was back in October 2009 that wrote, Coors light BC is now on Twitter This is your home base for the most up to date Coors Light Information, cope with here for event info and more. Also, the only official Coors Light Twitter account is named Coor sLightBC, created from British capital of South Carolina and Canada.The article explains that since the creation of the Coors Light account, the company has only achieved a few oer four blow followers, and only having forty nine tweets. When searching, Coors Light on Facebook, the Canadian website appears, which only has a little over one hundred likes and only posted one picture that did not have an explanation beneath it describing the picture. Coors Light makes it difficult for its company to build brand awareness and drive node engagement, which social media is greatly used to do. Coors Lights Facebook page is bare and not informative. Since Coors Light targets their beer towards mainly college students, which most college students have Facebook pages, we feel that this puts Coors Light at a disadvantage. Since they are not updating statuses on Facebook or interacting with Facebook friends, they are not building brand awareness or driving customer engagement through this medi um.Bud Light is the number one selling beer in the United States, according to an online article from Social Media Overview. forwards researching, our assort thought that Bud Light and Coors would be heavily involved with social media. However, we were surprised to live that the two large industries do not rely on social media. Bud Light does not have a Twitter account, however Budweiser does. Although Bud Light does not rely on Twitter to promote its beer, Bud Light is active on Facebook. Our group likes the updated format and timeline that Bud Lights Facebook page has to offer.The pictures are appealing and they have over thousands of likes. The official website offers a place where you can lookout station the video ads for Bud Light, which was a good thing to include in the site. It also states at the meridian of the page that it is the official sponsor of the NFL. In addition, Bud Light Platinum has its own page, which it gives descriptions and other raise information. For example, Bud Lights well developed page offers Facebook friends chances to win contests along with other promotions. Our group enjoyed reading status updates on Bud Lights page that tries to engage conversation with Facebook friends.In addition to Bud Light using Facebook frequently, Miller Lite plays an active role using Facebook to drop dead with customers. Miller Lite uses its Facebook page to advertise its products, celebrity endorsements, videos, along with contests also. Millers Facebook page is tardily accessed through visiting Miller Lites home website page. When looking for Miller Lite on Twitter, Miller Lite MX and Miller Lite Panama are the first two to appear, which two are in mostly Spanish. However, both Miller Lite Twitter accounts have over one thousand followers, and tweet consistently on a daily basis. We found it confusing trying to honour Miller Lites U.S.Twitter page, since the other two accounts were in Spanish we did not respect Twitter to be very usefu l to learn about Miller Lite. The Miller Lite website uses celebrity endorsements such as NASCAR driver Brad Keselowski and there is a button to follow Brad on Twitter. there is also a Miller Lite shop where you can purchase hats, t-shirts, etc online. We liked how they had a place on the website where you can find stores that sell Miller Lite near you and locate them. There was also a video blog with the Miller Lite commercials.Our group has learned that many touristed and profitable companies do not frequently update their Facebook or Twitter page. However, being involved with social media can benefit companies greatly by giving them the opportunities to build brand awareness and drive customer engagementWorks Citedhttp//patperdue.com/social-media-overview-of-coors-light-budlight-and-dogfish-head-brewery/ http//www.facebook.com//miller.lite3http//www.facebook.com//pages/BUD-Light-Platinum/270969619613664 http//millerlite.com/http//www.budlight.com/age_gate.phphttp//www.coorsligh t.com/AgeGate/

Should there be separation of church and state?

Ancient Hellenic civilization and culture continues to be atomic number 53 of the landmarks of world history because of the invaluable contribution that the Greeks have made in virtually all areas of mankind endeavor. However, civilization is not static and Greek society was swept into the same historical process that take all societies to the modern world of capitalism.What is distinct about Greek society today is the direct role that the church plays in the realm of politics, where most other countries have developed forms of government that excluded the direct confederation of religious entities. What is the churchs role in the Greek state of affairs? Should on that point be a separation of powers of church and state in the context of Greece?The Jewish-Orthodox Church in Greek SocietyThe Orthodox Church traces its roots to the Orthodox Church establish in Constantinople. It is the most overriding religion in Greece, claiming influence over 90% of the countrys population, a very astray political base that could determine the winner in national elections. The subsequent nationalization of the Church barely institutionalized its political power and created a culture/national identity where handed-down church determine are the core (Geographic 2004).Like most church hierarchies, the Greek Orthodox Church has always play as a conservative political force. It supported the monarchy and also aligned itself with the right wing military junta in the 1960s in order to wage a common battle against a common threat communism (Maniatis 2002). It also perceives pluralism and other liberal ideas as a challenge to its monopoly in the cultural sphere and has vigorously opposed such influences.Its involvement in politics resulted in factionalism but nevertheless, it has undeniable influence over government policies and programs (Geographic 2004). Currently, Orthodox Church officials are actually sedulous by the government through the Ministry of National Educa tion and Religious Affairs which incidentally, also manages the properties of the church (BBC 2005). Recently, scandals rocked the Orthodox Church with allegations of embezzlement, smuggling and bribing of judges.On the Separation of Church and StateFrom the perspective of a person right(prenominal) looking in, I believe that there should be a separation of church and state. This position is based on the premises that the Church (or religion in general), especially if it is conservative promotes an ideology that preserves the traditional way of life and the status quo in society. If the church is part of governance, naturally it ensures the consistency of laws, policies and programs with the tenets of the church.For instance, because homosexuality and split up is contrary to Church teachings, it leaves out the agenda of women and gays rights. Because the Orthodox Church opposes multi-culturalism, it promotes religious and cultural discrimination to governance. Because science is c ontrary to church teachings, how then can scientific study be actively promoted by government institutions?As such, government can not effectively respond to the breadth of friendly issues first through objective study followed by the institution of measures appropriate with empirical evidence if there is no actual separation of church and state.Finally, if the church also functions as part of Civil Society, or as a check and balance to government, it can not do so if it is employed by that institution with its officials actually receiving salary from it. It would be a case of conflict of interest and undermines the interest of the public. count of ReferencesGeographic (2004) Greek Church and State.18 February 2008BBC One Minute News Europe (2005) Greek Church Plans shite Summit. Available from

Active Euthanasia

dynamic euthanasia or physicians assisted suicide should be legal in the honourable process that the organization, Dignitas performs it. The process in summation, consists of a person who is terminally ill and in excruciating infliction, contacting the organization, go a member by fee, and submitting medical documents with diagnosis from a medical professional including those from a therapist, to a Dignitas physician. The elected physician then decides whether or not the member is qualified for active euthanasia and a prescription for the drug sodium pentobarbital is written for the patient/member and administered in Zurich, Switzerland.Any controversy or disagreements with the outlined process arise mostly from misconceptions by the public. Ludwig Minelli, founder of Dignitas states, The whole issue is not in the public field. It is covered by a taboo, and we should speak about it. The topic of Active euthanasia should be further explored and dissected by those who disagree wit h it. Active euthanasia should be legalized because it gives those in unimaginable pain the chance to end their suffering, we are exposed to legal substances that already induce death, and the right to life should likewise mean the right to decide when to end that life.When people approach death, they often cling to the idea of a peaceful death. Unfortunately, not everyone experiences a peaceful death. It is a gamble of luck in most instances, merely what about in the case of an ALS patient? The persons body is slowly deteriorating, they stick out the ability to speak, swallow, move their body, and eventually communicate. If an ALS patient is dying before our eyes, they may look peaceful, besides how fucking we be sure theyre not suffering in pure agony if they cant communicate?For people like Craig Ewert, a 59 year old ALS victim, the woof of euthanasia should be on the table. He pleads, What may look peaceful from the outside does not needfully reflect the internal mental st ate of the person. Lets face it, when youre completely paralyzed,cant talk,cant move your eyes, cant move your arms, how do you let somebody know youre suffering? They look at you, and youre still. And usually, we associate suffering with people kind of rolling round and going Ow,ow,ow. .. Theres none of that. Gee, it must be peaceful.

Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos

Clothing The natives of the Philippine islands already wore different types of textileing and ornaments before the arrival of Spanish colonizers. The men usually wore short-sleeved, collarless jackets that reached just under the waste. The jackets were also symbols of their status in the community. The chief usually wore red, for example. The bahag was worn for the lower part. It is a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist which passes between the things, leaving the thighs and legs exposed. A head gear or a putong is a piece of cloth wrapped around the head.This is also important like the color of the jacket. A red putong meant that the wearer has already gone to war and killed an enemy. An embroidered putong meant that the wearer has killed at least seven enemies. Adornments such as necklaces, armlets or kalombiga, anklets, earrings and rings were also worn. These were usually made of gold and other precious stones. Women also wore sleeved jackets called baro and skirts called s aya or patadyong. Women fancied wearing ornaments as well such as gem-studded bracelets, necklaces, earrings, and rings.Tattoos Tattoos played an important part in the appearance of pre-Hispanic Filipinos both for the men and women. Tattoos were considered to be the equivalent of medals, one had to work for and earn it. The more tattoos a person had, the more impressive was his or her war record. The Visayas was known to be the Islas del Pintados or Islands of the Painted plenty because it was the there that the early Spanish colonizers observed very tattooed people and Spanish writers referred to them as the pintados, meaning miscellaneous.

The galatians of the new testament

While text editions stress the descent of europium from definitive nuance, the face of atomic number 63 throughout rough of the historical period was dominated by a item-by-item gentileish convention, a powerful, cultur in all toldy diverse group of wads, the Celts. By the start of the Middle Ages, the Celts had been struck on ii foreparts by two in truth powerful purifications, capital of Italy in the South, and the Germans, who were derived from Celtic civilization, from the North. Through the period of unpolluted Greece ( co-ordinated to the La T & A ecirc ne civilization in primaeval atomic number 63 ) to first centuries AD, approximately of Europe was under the shadow of this civilization which, in its diverse signifiers, still represented a middling incorporate civilization.This massive civilization give from Ireland to Asia Minor ( the Galatians of the New Testament ) . The Celts even sacked capital of Italy in 390 BC and successfully invaded and sacked s everal Grecian metropoliss in 280 BC. Though the Celts were preliterate during most of the classical period, the Greeks and popishs discourse them rather a spot, normally disfavorably.From this capacious civilization would originate the Germans ( we think ) and many another(prenominal) of the heathenish signifiers, thoughts, and values of mediaeval Europe. For non provided did mediaeval Europe expression back to the Gaelic charitableity as a aureate age of Europe, they at any rate lived with societal constructions and being positions that at last owe their tooth root to the Celts every bit good enough as to the papisticals and Greeks. The period of Gaelic laterality in Europe began to undo in the first centuries AD, with the enlargement of Rome, the migrations of the Germans, and subsequently the inflow of an Asiatic immigrant population, the Huns. By the clip Rome miss to Gothic encroachers, the Celts had been pushed west and north, to England, Wales and Ireland an d subsequently to Scotland and the Union seacoast of France.The Celts ar traditionally ignored in mankind write up text editions and class, but the Celtic manner of lifespan, Celtic foundings, and the Celtic universe position were superpose onto Germanic and classical civilization. The ulterior massive European civilization is greatly influenced by these azoic peoples. some of what we know about Celtic life comes from Ireland-the largest and most extended of the Celtic populations, the Gauls in primordial and Hesperian Europe, we unless know about through Roman sources-and these beginnings are unquestionably unfriendly to the Gauls.We know that the early Gaelic societies were organized roughly war-this construction would normally qualify civilizations in the procedure of migration the Celts, the Huns, and subsequently the Germans. Although classical Greek and Roman authors considered the Celts to be violently insane, warfare was non an organized procedure of territo rial conquering. Among the Celts, warfare seems to bread and butter chiefly been a athletics, concentrating on foraies and runing. In Ireland, the establishment of the fianna relate immature, blue warriors who left the tribal agricultural for a clip to carry on foraies and to run. When the Celts came into contact with the Romans, they changed their mode of warfare to a more(prenominal) organized defence agains a larger run aground forces. It was these groups that the classical authors encountered and considered insane. The Gaelic method of warfare was to stand in forepart of the opposing ground forces and shriek and crush their lances and blades against their shields. They would so run headfirst into the opposing ground forces and screamed the full way-this frequently had the consequence of frightening the opposing soldiers who so broke into a tally contending a fleeing ground forces is comparatively easy work. If the opposing ground forces did non interrupt ranks, the Celts w ould halt short of the ground forces, hold to their original place, and get down the procedure all everyplace agina.Gaelic society was hierarchal and class- found. Tribes were led by male monarchs but political organisations were unusually fictile. Harmonizing to both Roman and Irish beginnings, Celtic society was shared out into tierce groups a warrior nobility, an rational fellowship that included Druids, poets, and legal experts, and everyone else.SocietySociety was tribal and kinship- motifd one s cultural individuality was mostly derived from the larger tribal group, holloed the tuath ( too-awth ) in Irish ( intending people ) but finally based on the smallest kinship organisational building block, the kin, called the cenedl ( ke-na-dl ) , or kindred, in Irish. The kin provided individuality and protection-dis displacees between persons were ever differences between kins. Since it was the duty of the kin to protect persons, offenses against an person would be pro secuted against an full kin. One of the outstanding establishments among the Celts was the blood-feud in which slaying or abuses against an person would necessitate the full kin to violently exact requital. The blood-feud was in portion avoided by the establishment of professional go-betweens. At least an Ireland, a professional category of legal experts, called brithem, would intercede differences and exact reparations on the offending kin.Even though Gaelic society revolve arounded around a warrior nobility, the place of adult females was reasonably high in Gaelic society. In the earliest periods, adult females participated both in warfare and in kingship. While the ulterior Celts would follow a rigorous patriarchal theoretical account, they still entertain a memory of adult females leaders and warriors.Gaelic society was based about wholly on artlessism and the elevation of cowss or sheep at that place was some agribusiness in the Celtic universe, but non ofttimes. The imp orteeance of cowss and the pastoral life created a alone establishment in Celtic, peculiarly Irish, life the cattle-r fear. The larceny of another group s cows was frequently the turn outing point of a group of immature warriors the superlative lasting Irish myth, the T & A aacute in B & A oacute Cualingne, or The Cattle fall apart of Cooley, centers about one such mythically-enhanced cattle-raid.There was no urbanisation of any sort among the Celts until the coming of Roman regulation in Ireland, urbanisation did non happen until the Danish and Scandinavian invasions. Society was non based on occupation or commercialism what heap took topographic point was mostly in the signifier of swap. Gaelic stinting system of rules was likely based on the economic rule of most tribal economic systems reciprocality. In a mutual economic system, goods and other services are non exchanged for other goods, but they are given by persons to persons based on common affinity relationshi ps and duties. ( A household economic system is typical of a mutual economy-parents and kids give each other stuff goods and services non in trade but because they are portion of a household ) .From the 19th hundred onwards, Celtic faith has enjoyed a captivation among modern Europeans and European-derived civilizations. In peculiar, the last few decennaries have seen a phenomenal growing non merely involvement in Celtic faith, but in spireligious rite patterns in portion derived from Gaelic beginnings. For all this involvement, nevertheless, we know following to nil about Celtic faith and patterns. The lone beginnings for Celtic spi ritual patterns were write by Romans and Greeks, who considered the Celts little more than animate beings, and by subsequently Gaelic authors in Ireland and Wales who were composing from a Christian position. Simply put, although the Celts had a rich and permeant spiritual civilization, it has been for good lost to human memory.We mountain do some gen eral remarks about Celtic faith based on the often-hostile histories of classical authors. The Celts were polytheistic these Gods were finally derived from more crude, Indo-Germanic beginnings that gave rise to the polytheistic faiths of Greece, Persia, and India. The Romans in seeking to explicate these Gods, nevertheless, linked them with Roman Gods as did the Romanized Gauls-so we truly have no thought as to the Celtic character of these Gods and their maps. We do sleep together that Gaelic Gods tended to come in 3s the Celtic logical system of deity about ever centered on threes. This triadic logic no uncertainty had enormous significance in the interlingual rendition of Christianity into northern European cultural theoretical accounts.ReligionIt is about certain that the material universe of the Celts was suffused with deity that was both advantageous and harmful. Certain countries were considered more charged with deity than others, particularly pools, lakes and little Gro vess, which were the sites of the cental ritual activities of Celtic life. The Celts were non-urbanized and harmonizing to Roman beginnings, Celtic ritual involved no temples or constructing structures-Celtic ritual life, so, was centered chiefly on the natural environment.Gaelic ritual life centered on a particular category, called the druides or Druids by the Romans, presumptively from a Gaulish word. Although much has been written about Druids and Celtic ritual pattern, we know following to nil about either. Here s what we can garner. As a particular group, the Druids performed many of the maps that we would see priestly maps, including ritual and forfeit, but they besides included maps that we would put under instruction and jurisprudence. These rites and patterns were likely kept secret-a tradition common among early Indo-germanic peoples-which aid to explicate why the classical universe knows nil about them. The lone thing that the classical beginnings attest is that t he Druids performed barbarian or horrid rites at lakes and Grovess there was a just sum of consensus among the Greeks and Romans that these rites involved human forfeit. This may or may non be true there is some grounds of human forfeit among the Celts, but it does non look to hold been a prevailing pattern.Harmonizing to Julius Caesar, who gives the longest history of Druids, the centre of Gaelic belief was the passing of psyches from one organic structure to another. From an archeological position, it is clear that the Celts believed in an after-life, for material goods are buried with the dead.The earliest Kelts who were major participants in the classical universe were the Gauls, who controlled an country widening from France to Switzerland. It was the Gauls who sacked Rome and subsequently invaded Greece it was besides the Gauls that migrated to Asia Minor to establish their ain, independent civilization at that place, that of the Galatians. Through invasion and migratio n, they spread into Spain and subsequently crossed the the Alps into Italy and for good settled the country South of the Alps which the Romans so named, ultramontane Gaul.The Gauls were a tribal and agricultural society. They were ruled by male monarchs, but single male monarchs reigned merely over little countries. Occasionally a individual powerful male monarch could derive the committal of several male monarchs as a sort of over-king, but on the whole the Gauls throughout Europe were mostly an cultural continuity instead than a individual state.Cultural individuality among the early Gauls was really unstable. Cultural individuality was foremost and first based on little affinity groups, or clans-this cardinal cultural individuality frequently got collapsed into a larger individuality, that of folks. The chief political constructions, that of kingship, organized themselves around this tribal cultural individuality. For the most portion, the Gauls did non look to hold a larger cultural individuality that united the Gaulish universe into a individual cultural group-the Gauls as an cultural group was mostly invented by the Romans and the Greeks and applied to all the diverse folks spread across the face of northern Europe. The Gauls did hold a sense of territorial ethnicity the Romans and Greeks tell us that there were 16 separate territorial states of Gauls. These territorial groups were split up into a serial publication of pagi, which were military units composed of work forces who had voluntarily united as fellow soldiers.The GaulsThe Gauls, nevertheless, were non the original Europeans. Get toss off in an country about Switzerland, the Celts spread westward and eastward displacing native Europeans in the procedure. These migrations begin around 500 BC. The Gaulish invasion of Italy in 400 was portion of this larger out-migration. The Romans, nevertheless, pushed them back by the 3rd century BC native Europeans in the North, nevertheless, were non so lucky.Two Gaelic folks, the Cimbri and the Teutones ( Teuton, an cultural for Germans, is derived from the Celtic root for people ) , emigrated E and settled in district in Germany. The centre of Gaelic enlargement, nevertheless, was Gaul, which lay North of the Alps in the part now within the boundary lines of France and Belgium and portion of Spain.The earliest history of the Gauls comes from Julius Caesar. In his history of his military expedition foremost into Gaul and so as far north as Britain, Caesar dexcribed the tribal and regional divisions among the Gauls, of which some seem to hold been original European populations and non Celtic at all.The Gaulish folks or districts often built munitions that served as the military and political centre of the part. These bastioned centres took their names from the larger tribe-for case, genus Paris took its name from the folk of Parisi and Chartres was originally named after the folk, the Carnuti, which had built it.India Glossa ryGaulish society, like all of Celtic society, was stiffly divided into a category system. Similar category systems predominated among the Indians every bit good with mostly the same classs. Harmonizing to Julius Caesar, the three categories of Gaulish society were the druides, equites, and plebs, all Roman words. The Druids were the educated among the Gauls and occupied the highest societal place, merely as the Brahmin category occupied the highest societal place among the Indians. The Druids were responsible for cultural and spiritual cognition every bit good as the public presentation of rites, merely as the Brahmins in India. However vague these spiritual maps competency be, the Druids were regarded as powerful over both society and the universe around them. The most powerful cats-paw the Druids had was the power of excommunication-when a Druid excommunicated a member of a folk, it was tantamount to kicking that individual out of the society.Brahmin CaturvarnasThe British did non look in history until Julius Caesar crosses the English Channel from northern Gaul and began his failed conquering of Britain. The Romans returned in 43 AD and began a systematic conquering of the island until they reached the Pictish folks in the Scots Highlandss. Rome would abandon northern England, nevertheless, in 117 AdThe Romans found a disunified group of tribal lands organized around the same logic of warfare as the Gauls. Most of the folks were new arrivals-the majority of southern Britain had been conquered by the Belgae from northern Gaul. In the procedure of emigrating to the island, the Celts pushed the native populations north-these refugee tribal groups would go the cultural ascendants of the Picts, a cryptic civilization that dominated Scotland until the Irish invasions.Many of the folks, peculiarly those in Wales, nevertheless, were edgy. The Romans were beset by rebellions by some Celtic folks and depredations by the northen Picts-throughout the 4th century, as the Roman imperium was strained in every one-fourth, the Romans easy lost control of Britain. The ex officio interruption came in 446 when the Romans in response to a British supplication for aid against the Picts and the Scots, declared Britain independent.BratainAs in Gaul, the Romans brought Roman urban and military civilization nevertheless, other than southern England, Roman establishments and civilization were non tremendously important on the British Celts. The Celts in the North and in Wales ferociously resisted Roman civilization, and the Romans neer even put pes in Ireland. On the whole, the Romans more greatly respected and tolerated Gaelic establishments and faiths in Britain, so there was well less assimilation than in Gaul.Because of this, when the Romans left Britain, there was a Renaissance of Gaelic civilization. The British, nevertheless, had intentional a really of import construct from the Romans political integrity. The most celebrated of the Celtic princes was Vortigern, who ruled over eastern Britain. In order to contend against the Pictish invasions, he sent across the channel to acquire aid from the Saxons, a Germanic folk that had begun emigrating into western Europe in the 5th century. The Saxon soldier of fortunes, nevertheless, grew in figure as more and more Saxons came to Britain. Whether or non the narrative of Vortigern is true, Britain fell prey to the same Germanic out-migrations and invasions that spread across Gaul, Spain, and Italy. The Saxon out-migration began in eastern England until they spread wholly across low-lying England. The cragged countries to the West ( Wales ) and the North ( Scotland ) , nevertheless, remained Celtic, as did Ireland. By the terminal of the 5th century AD, merely Wales, Scotland, and Ireland remained of the great Celtic tribal lands that had dominated the face of Europe.It was in Ireland that Gaelic civilization and establishments lasted the longest-although Christianity was introduced at an early solar day of the month, Ireland did non endure any major invasions or cultural alterations until the invasions of the Norwegians and the Danish in the 8th century. The Irish besides represent the last great migration of Celtic peoples. In the 4th and 5th centuries, the Irish crossed over into Scotland and consistently invaded that district until they politically dominated the Picts who lived at that place. The subsiding of Scotland in the 5th century was the really last moving ridge of Celtic migration.For Gaelic civilization, Ireland is much like Iceland was to the Scandinavian. It was sufficiently removed from mainstream Europe to protect it from invasions and to insulate it from many of the cultural alterations which wracked the face of early Europe. It allowed a remarkable prolongation of heathen Gaelic civilization to blend with Christian and the emerging European civilization. This alone synthesis would supply the individual most productive line of cultural transm ittal between Gaelic civilization and the European civilization which grew out of classical and German beginnings.Written history in Ireland began in the 5th century when Patrick came to Ireland and introduced literacy. Patrick came to the Celtic tribal land of Tara, which was ruled by Leary, the boy of Niall No & amp iacute gallich. The boies of Niall ruled over two lands in northern Ireland these swayers formed a dynasty that would be called the U & A iacute N & A eacute disorder the South of Ireland was mostly under the control of Munster. Patrick himself confined all of his activities to northern Ireland and the U & A iacute N & A eacute sick, peculiarly around the country of Armagh. Because he introduced the Irish to Christianity, European civilization, and authorship, he became the frequenter nonpareil of Ireland.In the 700 s, Ireland became capable to Norse foraies and out-migrations, merely as most of the remainder of Europe. The first to get were the Norwegian s who attacked respective(a) islands and some of the promontories in the 800 s, nevertheless, the Norwegians began to assail the western seashore of Ireland. In the mid-800 s and all through the 900 s, the Norse actively began to construct bastioned townships along the eastern seashore of Ireland. In 841, they built the bastioned town of Dublin ( which the Irish called Ath Cliath, or, the hurdle Ford ) , and would subsequently set up munitions at Cork, Waterford, and Wicklow, some of the cardinal towns of ulterior Irish history. Of these towns, nevertheless, Dublin was the centre of all the Norse activity and served as their cardinal base for foraies all around Ireland and the Irish Sea.The Irish at this clip did non concentrate their population along the seashore but lived inland-the Irish besides did non populate in big and bastioned towns. The debut of both munitions and something resembling urban life was originally introduced by the Norse.Finally, nevertheless, the Norse w ould come in struggle with the Danish and the country around Dublin became portion of the Danish land that had been established in northern England. The Irish, nevertheless, lived in single tribal groups that were non united-it was nt until 1014 that Munster Irish under the leading of Brian B & A oacute ruma defeated the Danish at Clontarf and eventually expelled the Norse for good.The Norwegians and the Danish, nevertheless, had mostly stripped Irish civilization of its greatest cultural artefacts. The lone histories that were written of the Norse in Ireland were written by the Irish-these historiographers were far from sympathetic to the encroachers Ireland, nevertheless, gained a cardinal displacement in its cultural and economic patterns. The Irish inherited from the Danes and Norwegians fortified coastal towns and a new economic system based on trade and commercialism with other Europeans. They besides gave to the Irish more sophisticated accomplishments in ship-building and travel.Irish republicThe most of import bequest that the Irish bequeathed to Europe was Irish Christianity. When Patrick came to Ireland in the 5th century, Christianity had spread across the face of Gaelic civilization but had nt truly penetrated the assorted Gaelic civilizations. It was dispersed really thin and practiced by a perishingly little minority in Gaul and Britain. It was besides presuming a new, distinguishable character among the Celts, who combine Christianity non merely with native Celtic establishments and faiths, but with a overplus of eastern enigma faiths. ( Much of what we call modern pagan religion which points to Gaelic beginnings really originates in eastern, mystery faiths that had been imported into Gaelic civilization. ) It was this Celticized pas seul of Christianity that Patrick brought with him to Ireland.The Saxon invasions, nevertheless, wiped out Christianity in England, but non in Wales or Ireland or Scotland, where the faith had been introduced by Columba, an Irish saint. It was nt until the late sixth century that Christianity was reintroduced into Britain this trade name of Christianity, more aligned with the patterns of the Roman church, came into struggle with Celtic Christianity and its alone patterns. By the 10th century, the alone Celtic Christianity of Britain had mostly been subordinated to Saxon Christianity.It was in Ireland that Celtic Christianity thrived during the Germanic invasions and so the ulterior subordination of Celtic Christian patterns to Saxon patterns.The Christianity that Patrick brought to Ireland was portentous or diocesan Christianity-the streamer signifier of Christianity in Roman occupied districts. Episcopal Christianity is orient around the organisation of Christians as temporal people under the religious and partiall secular control of a bishop ( episcopus in Latin ) . Episcopal Christianity, nevertheless, was alone ill-sorted to Ireland, for it relies on a certain degree of urba nisation. For the mostly rural, disorganized, and tribal nature of early Irish society, the Episcopal construction had nil to work with. So Irish Christianity shortly developed into cloistered Christianity, which is oriented around the centralisation of a little Christian community under the leading of an archimandrite. This would go the unambiguously Irish signifier of Christianity that in spirit and in pattern was much different from the preponderantly Episcopal character of Roman Christianity.The cloistered centres became the countries where Irish Christian civilization thrived-they besides introduced some political stability and agribusiness into Irish society. While they were nominally under the authorization of Rome, because they were so removed they operated with comparative independency. This would finally convey them in terrible struggle with the Roman church. Before that, nevertheless, Irish missionaries would distribute Gaelic civilization and Christianity all over the face of Europe. Even though the Irish Christians finally submitted to Roman force per unit areas, Irish Christianity had diffused across the face of Europe.This is because the most advanced and distinguishable characteristic of Irish Christianity was rolling, called perigrinatio in Latin. While many Christians became monastics in monasteries, some became hermits, that is, lone monastics. The Irish hermits, nevertheless, saw their mission non as life in isolation, but as rolling around by themselves. These were non specifically missional rovings, but they had that consequence. In the 6th century, one of Ireland s greatest saints, Columicille ( or Columba in Latin ) , successfully introduced Christianity to Scotland.As the halfway ages progressed, nevertheless, the unambiguously Gaelic character of the Irish church, with its profoundly superb merger of Celtic art with Christian art, its merger of Celtic societal organisation and Torahs with cloistered life, and its alone perigrinat ive character disappeared into the homogenising tendency of the higher center